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Vanadium sulfide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula VS2. It is also known as dioxovanadium sulfide, hexacovanadium sulfide, and vanadium(II) sulfide. Vanadium sulfide is black and has metallic conduction properties. It is also paramagnetic. It can be found naturally in pyrite (FeS2), cattierite (CoS2), and vaesite (NiS2).
The synthesis of VS2 has been studied extensively for potential use as a cathode material in lithium ion batteries. The most common form of VS2 used as a battery cathode is the b’-LixV2O5 phase with a reversible capacity of 310 mAh/g at 0.1 C and good capacity retention after 50 cycles.
VS2 is easy to synthesize from the +5 oxidation state. It is normally reduced using zinc and an acid such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. The reduction is done in a flask that is usually stoppered with cotton wool to allow hydrogen (produced from a side reaction between the zinc and acid) to escape but to keep most air out. This is important to prevent re-oxidation of the lower oxidation states of vanadium (particularly the +2 state) by oxygen in the air.
The +5 oxidation state of vanadium can also be generated by treating Molybdate and Orthovanadate with hot hydrogen in the presence of sodium carbonate. This is often called the vanadium oxysulfide precursor method. The oxysulfide precursor is then evaporated and deposited on a silicon wafer to produce a thin film of V-MoS2 with a crystalline structure. VS2 is a promising cathode material for Li-ion batteries, as it is easy to synthesize and has high capacity.