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Tungsten carbide is a material of high performance, with excellent resistance to deformation and impact. The density of tungsten carbide is the highest among all non-oxide engineering ceramics. Because of its low thermal expansion coefficient and high strength, it is the ideal raw material for cutting tools.
It is also known to retain its characteristics in the harshest environments. Tungsten is resistant to oxidation in normal temperatures, and is not attacked by mineral acids. This is particularly beneficial for applications in abrasive cutting and drilling, and armour-piercing ammunition.
Tungsten carbide is usually used in the manufacture of carbide tipped bits. It is also a popular material in tungsten carbide cobalt composites. When applied as an additive to ternary system carbides, tungsten carbide shows good performance and high ductility at low temperature.
Tungsten carbide is also characterized by high density and rigidity. Its properties are very similar to those of tool steels. Typical compositions range from about two to three times as rigid as cast iron, and have very good resistance to deformation and chipping.
However, tungsten carbide exhibits a tendency to shatter during work. This is because it has a crystal structure that is highly dense. Therefore, a smaller grain size is necessary for maximum performance. Grain sizes below 1 mm have the highest wear resistance.
It is important to consider the type of binder metal used to make the tungsten carbide. Binders in tungsten carbide materials include iron, nickel, and cobalt. Typically, 0.5 to 1.5% of the weight of the total cemented carbide is made up of binder metals.
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