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How Does Silicon Tetrachloride Differ From Other Compounds?

Posted on 2023-05-28

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A simple covalent compound such as sodium chloride exists as a fuming liquid at room temperature because there are only Van der Waals dispersion forces and dipole-dipole attractions between its molecules. It does not conduct electricity because there are no ions and no mobile electrons.

In contrast, ionic compounds such as sodium chloride and magnesium chloride form large ionic crystal lattices at room temperature and have very high melting and boiling points because the strong ionic attractions require a lot of heat to break. When these solids melt they undergo a process known as electrolysis and change their structures from ionic to covalent.

Silicon tetrachloride, also known as tetrachlorosilane, is an inorganic compound with the formula SiCl4. It is a colorless volatile liquid that fumes in air and is used to produce high purity silicon and silica for commercial applications. When it is added to water, it reacts violently to produce silicon dioxide and hydrogen chloride gas. In a large excess of water, however, it dissolves to form a solution containing hydrochloric acid. SiCl4 has a normal boiling point of 57.7 oC.

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