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Based on general plastics and engineering plastics, the flame retardancy, strength as well as impact resistance, toughness as well as antibacterial properties of plastics can be enhanced through filling, mixing with other methods, as well as strengthening.
How do Nano materials modify plastics?
1. Ageing resistance of reinforced plastics
The aging of polymer materials including photooxidation, starts from the surface of materials or products, such as discoloration, pulverization, cracking, glossiness decline and so on, which then progresses to the inside. The anti-aging properties of polymers directly impact their lifespan and environment, especially for industrial plastics and plastic construction materials. It is not an only a measure that requires the most attention, but an important aspect of polymer chemical science. The wavelength of sunlight is 200400nm. The ultraviolet in 280~400nm band can cut the polymer molecular chains, thus making the material alter. Nano-oxides such as nano-alumina, nano-titanium oxide, nano-silica and the like, have great absorption properties for infrared and microwave. The right mixing of nano SiO2 and TiO2 can absorb a substantial quantity of ultraviolet light to prevent plastics from being damaged in sunlight. This helps to stop plastics from cracking, discoloration , and other effects of light, making these materials age-resistant.
2. Enhance the properties of the antibacterial and antimildew in plastics
The preparation of antibacterial plastics is usually by adding antimicrobial agents or masterbatch into the resin. Because plastic molding requires to undergo high temperatures the inorganic antimicrobial agents that are able of adapting to the extreme temperature. Metal powders that are traditionally used to combat bacteria such as copper sulfate and zinc Nitrate are difficult to combine directly into thermoplastics. Inorganic nanoantibacterial powder is modified to create antibacterial polymer masterbatch. This is an easy to be used in plastic items and has good compatibility with plastics. It helps in the dispersal and distribution of antimicrobial agents. Inorganic silver particles can be used to form nano titanium dioxide nano-silicon aluminum oxide, as well as other nano-materials made of inorganic materials, and the resultant powder has antibacterial properties, being mixed with plastics, extruded in the form of ultraviolet radiation to form antibacterial plastics. its antibacterial property is created through the gradual release of antimicrobial compounds, that create the antibacterial effects.
3. Increase the strength and toughness of plastics
In the event that the second substance can be added into the polymer matrix the result is a compound, and a much more extensive material can be obtained through compounding which can improve the strength of the material and also increase the impact force of the materials. Nanomaterials’ emergence provides an exciting method for strengthening and modifications of polymers. The surface defects of small particle size dispersed phase are relatively few and there are lots of non-paired particles. The ratio of the surface nucleus to the total atomic number of nanoparticles rises dramatically as particles decrease in size. Crystal field environments and the binding energy of surface atoms differ from the ones of internal atoms. Therefore, they possess a great chemical activity. Due to the micronization of the crystal field as well as the rise of active surface atoms, the energy of the surface is significantly increased, which means it is closely paired with polymer substrates and have an excellent compatibility. When exposed to external forces and pressure, the ion becomes so easy to release from the substrate and will better transfer stress. However that it is subject to the stress field that is created, there will be more microcracks as well as plastic deformation in the substrate, which may result in the substrate to swell and consume a great deal of force, in order to achieve the objective of strengthening and toughening simultaneously. Nano-materials that are most commonly utilized are nano silicon, nano silica nano-calcium carbonate and others.
4. Improve the thermal conductivity plastics
Thermal conductive plastics are a type of plastic material with great thermal conductivity. They are typically higher than 1wper (m. K.). Thermal conductive plastics are more frequently used as a result of their lightweight rapid thermal conductivity, simple injection molding, low processing costs, and so on. Because of its good resistance to thermal and electrical conductivity nano-alumina can be found in thermal conductive plastics thermal conductive rubbers, construction age, thermal conductivity coatings, and many other fields. As compared to fillers made of metal, nano-alumina / nano-magnesia can not only improve the thermal conductivity but also improve the insulation effect, and the mechanical properties of plastics can also be improved.
5. Enhance how plastics are processed
Certain polymers, like the ultra-high molecular mass polyethylene (UHMWPE) with viscosity average molecular weight of more than 150 minutes, possess outstanding broad properties, however they are not easily constructed and processed due their high viscosity, which limits their popularity and their application. Benefiting from the low interlaminar friction coefficient of layered silicate sheet, the nano-rare earth/ultra high molecular weight polyethylene blend was developed by fully mixing UHMWPE with layers of silicate, which effectively decreases the interlocking of the UHMWPE molecular chain and decrease the viscosity. They play a key role in lubricationand greatly improve the processability.
6. Nanomaterials make plastics practical.
Metal nanoparticles possess heterogeneous nucleation processes that may lead to the formation of some crystal structures that confer toughness on the substrates. When polypropylene has nanoparticles of metal with a low melting point It is discovered that it could play the role of conductive channel, strengthening and toughening the polypropylene also its low melting improves the processability of the composites.
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