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bismuth powder is a greyish-white metal with a reddish tinge and a bright metallic luster. It is soft and brittle, superficially oxidized by air frequently becoming iridescent, and it has the highest Hall effect of any metal (that is it shows the greatest increase in resistance when placed in a magnetic field). Bismuth is also soluble in nitric acid and hydrocholoric acid. It sees wide use in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, as low melting alloying agents for lead, tin, and zinc, for coating selenium, and in thermoelectic materials and pemranent magnets.
The most common medical application for bismuth is the commercial digestive aid bismuth subsalicylate, better known as Pepto-Bismol. The highly pearlescent properties of bismuth oxychloride pigments have led to inroads in applications for which only aluminum pigments could previously meet the brightness requirements, such as fishing lures and buttons.
These properties have also led to a number of research projects investigating bismuth nanopowder as a contrast agent for imaging and certain forms of cancer treatment. Other industrial applications include metallurgy, glazes and pigments, and lubricants.
POTENTIAL HAZARDS: Fine dust may pose a fire hazard if dispersed in sufficient concentrations and exposed to an ignition source. It may release poisonous bismuth oxide fumes if inhaled. May irritate skin and eyes. Wear protective clothing and respirator. Avoid contact with strong acids and oxidizers, halogens, and interhalogen compounds.